April 24, 2022

PRESS RELEASE: When will the disrespect end, as it relates to the Golden Rock African Burial Ground site on Sint Eustatius?

 


 

 

 

 Also published in The Daily Herald of April 25, 2022  


When will the disrespect end, as it relates to the Golden Rock African Burial Ground site on Sint Eustatius?
 

ST. EUSTATIUS / 24 April 2022 / -- Ubuntu Connected Front


Buried in an article of The Daily Herald of March 25, 2022, “Parliament again asks to accelerate Statia process” concerning a resent debate of the Second Chamber of the Dutch government, where various Members of Parliament express their views on the speeding up to restore democracy on Sint Eustatius. It is quite ironic that the process to enact a law, in the second week in February 2018, when the then State Secretary of Kingdom Relation, passed the law, based on the so call Wise men Refunjol-Janssen, not forgetting the main unmentioned author the forgotten Jenny Thunnissen, report, through both Dutch Parliaments, with unanimous consent, signed into law by the King, traveled to Sint Eustatius, with military support, to take over a defenseless island, all within the time frame of three days, but it have to take divine intervention, to speed up a process that have lasted over four years.  The state secretary, van Huffelen, referred to the Dutch Slavery past as “a shame in our shared history” and it was very important to give account for it, but on the other hand the prime-minister, who apparently have a degree in Dutch history from the Leiden University, still believes that an apology would create a risk that will cause society to further become more polarizing. Based on apologies that he has muster up the courage to give in the past months, they still seem to be lacking some elements of what a proper apology should be regarding the Afrikan people. They should at least have some elements of, acknowledgment, remorse and empathy, and the most of all, restitution on grounds of reparatory justice. If one should dissect the historical behavior of colonial powers, they tend to enact laws, or skillfully make statement, that might make terms like “War Crimes” and “Crimes against Humanity” as incidents of history, that will be easily forgotten as time go by, without any proper form of restitution or accountability.  

The project if the Construction Airport Boulevard which is scheduled to commence the second quarter of 2022, seems to have the plans in full swing. Apart from having a presentation of the report from the Statia Heritage Research Commission (SHRC), in relation to the excavation that was done at the Afrikan Burial Ground site in questioned, it might seem like all the relevant boxes have been checked off, like community engagement, and all is well. Specifically, in the notice of the project, is mentioned about “the Bend at the One Link supermarket” and is noticeable from the video clip, that is circulating, of the Airport Boulevard project that some sort of construction will take place through the Afrikan Burial Ground site in question. Apparently there seems to be a major traffic congestion issue and by constructing roundabouts that “will improve the safety of road users immensely.” We would like the local government administration to publicize, the past reports of these incidents, that is disrupting the flow of traffic, that took place in the last four years. If one should use the same argumentation provided for the placements of these roundabouts, practically every intersection on the island would qualify for one.

Another very important moment in time is, since the matter of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade and colonialism, that has been classified a crime against humanity, by the United Nations.
As a consequence of the UN decision the following developed, the European parliament, with the full endorsement of all the EU parliaments members that represents the coalition parties that supports the present fourth Rutte cabinet, with a pending apology which might happen sometime this century the fundamental question can be ask.
With the possibility of this Airport Boulevard project, with the placement of the roundabout destroying the 18 century cemetery of our enslaved Afrikan ancestors, the second biggest in the Caribbean after Barbados which in itself is disrespectful is that not become part of a crime against humanity?

Taking the most recent roundabout, that still have people wondering why it was constructed in the first place, and why you still have those mobile guardrails with the sign “Road to Jeems Road Closed” place on one of them, when practically on a daily basis you will see motorist entering the roundabout and making a left turn because it seems more practical to do so.
It seems quite easy for motions to be presented, and carried in the Dutch parliament, often giving vague and general instructions, but that have not come to the realization that the main issue, that is the common unmentioned cause of the majority of the problems, as it relates to its colonies have to do with racism. The “BCN” issue with students coming from the colonial part of the kingdom are basically being racially profiled and are categorized as foreigners with the Dutch passports. How is it possible that practically overnight, sanctions on the oil and gas trade from Venezuela can be implemented with the full support of the Dutch Government, with the full knowledge of the economic ramifications that will result thereof for the colonial part of the kingdom, including other Caribbean islands, then questioning the abilities of the islands to run their own affairs, because of the lack of sufficient financial means follows by intention to further take away any form of autonomy that they believe to have. On the other hand, it seems to be a very difficult pill and bitter to swallow, to implement similar oil and gas sanctions when the European part of the kingdom, including Europe might suffer the economic ramifications of such a move. Also resent you have the COHO elephant taking up a lot of media discussion room that comes as a subtle form of terrorism.

The Emancipation Act of July 1, 1863, although the decision was made in 1848, when the Netherlands abolish slavery, didn’t come without the usual concerns, like it even took many more years after for the enslaved Afrikans to be free because of a mandatory 10-year transition phase in Suriname. Some might say that those responsible for the Transatlantic Slave trade are no longer alive, so what use does an apology serve? The answer to that question reveals it self through a system that seems to repeat itself. Although with the introduction of the Charter of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1954, that should have ended the Dutch ownership of colonies, which turns out not to be true. When it comes to matters of freedom the Dutch Government still seems to drag things out endlessly, and referring to self-made laws, but in the interest of development and fabricated safety and congestion issues, the placement of a roundabout trumps a cemetery of our enslaved Afrikan ancestors that apparently was not the final resting place, even after enduring the horrendous and barbaric Crimes Against Humanity.   



###

Information for the Editor


Kenneth Cuvalay, chairman UCF Caribbean / St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance

The St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance protests the excavations of Afrikan free and enslaved Afrikans at an 18th-century Afrikan burial ground in St. Eustatius (see https://www.change.org/LeaveOurAncestorsInPeace).

Afrika is spelled with a “k” instead of a “c” based on the following insights:
-    It is a Pan-Afrikan spelling which relates both to the Afrikan continent and to the Diaspora;
-    It reflects the spelling of “Afrika” in all Afrikan languages;
-    It includes the concept of “ka”, the vital energy which both sustains and creates.

About Ubuntu Connected Front (UCF)
Ubuntu Connected Front is a political party in the Netherlands founded in 2017. It participated in the 2021 Parliamentary election and although it did not receive enough votes to win a seat in the House of Representatives, it was the most popular party in St. Eustatius, receiving 50,8% of the votes. Motto: “Equality is a human right, not a privilege”. UCF focuses on equal rights for people of Afrikan descent.

Ubuntu means "humanity" in Afrikan Bantu languages. It is often translated as "I am because we are", or "humanity towards others". It is Ubuntu Connected Front’s core belief that all people have rights, which promotes equality of treatment and eliminates marginalization and deprivation.

Black Agenda. The 'Black Agenda' of Ubuntu Connected Front (UCF) can be found in the "Manifest for NL Transformation" at the UCF website (Chapter 5).

The Black Agenda consists of three pillars:
1.    Recognition concerns the impact of our slavery past as a crime against humanity.
2.    Justice is about historical restoration of rights.
3.    Development aims to achieve equal development opportunities for everyone.




February 21, 2022

PERSBERICHT: Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance vraagt aandacht dekolonisatie bij werkbezoek staatssecretaris St. Eustatius




 

 

[In English]


De St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance, ontstaan uit de protesten tegen de omstreden opgravingen op St. Eustatius, vraagt rondom het kennismakingsbezoek van staatssecretaris Van Huffelen op het eiland aandacht voor dekolonisatie.

De Alliance is met opzet niet door de overheid van St. Eustatius betrokken bij de activiteiten van de commissie die de misstanden tijdens de archeologische opgravingen onderzocht. Met smoesjes zijn wij op afstand gehouden. Ook het ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties (BZK) heeft de alliantie maandenlang aan het lijntje gehouden zonder in gesprek te willen gaan. Kenneth Cuvalay, coördinator van de Alliance: “Wij analyseren de problemen die spelen rondom de opgravingen vanuit de koloniale structuren en verhoudingen die tot de dag van vandaag een rol spelen. Zowel de lokale overheid als BZK wil daar niet aan. Maar als je deze discussie uit de weg gaat, worden de problemen alleen maar groter. Bij de toeslagenaffaire is ook structureel weggekeken en wordt er nog steeds heel versluierd gesproken over het feit dat racisme de onderliggende drijfveer was bij de belastingdienst. Het is zoals wij in het Engels zeggen “the elephant in the room” en we willen daar verandering in brengen.”

Excuses voor koloniaal verleden

In Nederland is er steeds meer aandacht voor het koloniale verleden van Nederland. Bedrijven, gemeenten en kerken onderzoeken hun rol bij het slavernijverleden met vaak schokkende uitkomsten. De Nederlandsche Bank start een traject van reflectie en dialoog naar aanleiding van haar rol in de Nederlandse koloniale slavernij. Premier Rutte bood onlangs zijn diepe excuses aan voor de rol van de Nederlandse regering tijdens de onafhankelijkheidsoorlog in Indonesië. Dit zijn goede ontwikkelingen. Aan St. Eustatius gaan ze echter in het geheel voorbij. In Caribisch Nederland is de ongelijkwaardigheid in beton gegoten door de zogenoemde BES-wetten die op zoveel fronten nadelig uitpakken voor de inwoners op de eilanden.

De kolonie St. Eustatius

De Nederlandse overheid houdt al sinds februari 2018 de democratie in St. Eustatius in gijzeling, het vijfde jaar na het bestuurlijk ingrijpen is ingezet. Dat is meer dan een volledige kabinetsperiode voor een eiland met net iets meer dan 3000 inwoners. Dat is natuurlijk bizar. Intussen neemt de lokale overheid ‘geadviseerd’ door BZK het ene besluit na het andere en wordt de eilandsraad (vergelijkbaar met een gemeenteraad) keer op keer geschoffeerd. Zij wordt niet, laat of slecht geïnformeerd, kan geen bestuurders benoemen en heeft geen formele zeggenschap. Er worden steeds meer Nederlanders ingevlogen en benoemd op hoge posities, de regelgeving legt steeds zwaarder de nadruk op beheer en controle en ook worden steeds meer lokale overheidstaken overgeheveld naar de ministeries in Nederland. Wie de voortgangsreportages van Van Huffelens voorganger Knops leest, kan er alleen maar een goed gevoel bij krijgen. Maar ze spiegelen een onevenwichtig positief beeld voor terwijl de democratie steeds verder wordt uitgehold en de mensenrechten op de tocht staan. En welk Kamerlid heeft voldoende kennis van de situatie ter plekke om te weten wat er daadwerkelijk gebeurt, is in contact met de burgers op St. Eustatius? Veel inwoners in St. Eustatius hangen wat zij zien gebeuren niet aan de grote klok, op een klein eiland ben je kwetsbaar.

Dekolonisatie op de agenda

De St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance is eind 2021 opgericht. Zij heeft inmiddels bondgenoten in Barbados, Jamaica, St. Helena, de VS en Nederland. Er is een Family Heritage project gestart op St. Eustatius en we hebben het wetenschappelijke artikel “A Future That Does Not Forget: Collaborative Archaeology in the Colonial Context of Sint Eustatius (Dutch Caribbean)" uitgebracht. Er zijn ook connecties gevormd met andere bedreigde begraafplaatsen van tot slaaf gemaakte Afrikanen in de Amerika’s, zoals in Brooklyn New York en St. Helena. We blijven in 2022 onze alliantie uitbreiden en aandacht vragen voor de koloniale situatie op St. Eustatius. We hopen dat de nieuwe staatssecretaris het tij weet te keren. 


Een Engelstalige variant van dit persbericht is te vinden op:
https://afrikanhistoryandconsciousness.blogspot.com/2022/02/pushing-decolonization-agenda-forward.html
 

February 20, 2022

PRESS RELEASE: The ‘St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance’ pushes decolonization agenda forward

 




 

[In Dutch]

Since the start of the protests against the controversial excavations, Ubuntu Connected Front (UCF) Caribbean has been excluded from participation by the government representatives of St. Eustatius and the ministry of Interior and Kingdom Relations (BZK). None of our numerous requests have been honored no matter what the report of the Statia Heritage and Research Commission (SHRC) may claim. The reason for this is that both local and Dutch national government refuse to see the core of the problem with the excavations in the light of colonial relations and the structures behind them. It is a refusal to address systemic racism and inequality and the effects on everyday life of people in the Afrikan diaspora to the present day. But even though St. Eustatius is an island, this attitude can no longer stand, as several decolonization themes are now very topical. 

Racism: addressing the elephant in the room

In connection with the maiden visit of the new state secretary Ms. Alexandra van Huffelen, of Kingdom Relations, and her quest to familiarize herself with the colonial part of the Dutch Kingdom, we deem it important to reiterate the importance of the respectful treatment of persons of Afrikan descent from the past, present or future. 

We can remain quiet and not address “the elephant in the room” pointing to the fact that although her previous Dutch (Kingdom) Government, who almost on the eleventh hour before going into an election, resigned because of the blatant racist attacks by the tax department on persons of Afrikan descent, emerged even more victorious. This indicates to us that dealing with racism should be even more important than global warming. Because of a racist posture, persons of Afrikan descent might most likely be taken advantage of in the areas of, to name a few: Climate and the environment; Housing; Health; Education; Work and taxes; Law and order; Immigration and asylum; Mobility; and Arts and culture (list taken from December 15, 2021, DutchNews.nl “The new government’s plan: what you need to know”).

It might be comforting for the present Dutch government to have as one of the areas of the coalition accord to allocate annually part of 170 million euros for arts and culture, to contribute of the establishment of a national history and slavery museum. It is the hope of our Alliance that artifacts and remains that were gained through what they might call legal plundering, should not be in such an institution but must be returned to the rightful places from which they were stolen from, and treated with dignity and respect.  

Ghosts of the past still present

In a recent article of February 10, 2022, The Daily Herald “Reports highlights Dutch central bank’s links to slavers and the slave trade” where more facts of the Dutch continued accumulation of wealth because of the trade. What is mind boggling is, that even though slavery was abolished by the Netherlands in 1863, almost 160 years ago, business still continued as if nothing had changed.

A company like the “Geoctrooieerde Westindische Compagnie” also known as “The Dutch West India Company” still owns properties in the Caribbean, including St. Eustatius. An interesting question is: who still dare to manage assets of this company’s, knowing that the Trans-Atlantic slave trade has been, and still is, a crime against humanity. Similar companies also were established by Denmark, French, and Sweden, all with the charter to monopolize the trading of enslaved persons.

Pushing the decolonization agenda forward

Since the release a few weeks ago of the final report by the Statia Heritage Research Commission, the commission that was put in place to investigate the mishandling of the St. Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research (SECAR) with respect to Golden Rock excavations, recently not much been heard of, other than appointing a person to an official position within government of St. Eustatius as a Heritage Inspector and embracing the recommendations.

At the end of 2021, UCF Caribbean formed the St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance. We now have allies in Jamaica, St. Helena, the US and the Netherlands. We will continue to expand this network of Afrikan centered activists, scientists, and organizations and together we will push the decolonization agenda forward.

 

A Dutch version of this press release is available via https://afrikanhistoryandconsciousness.blogspot.com/2022/02/aandacht-voor-dekolonisatie-werkbezoek-vanhuffelen.html

February 08, 2022

PRESS RELEASE: Protest group responds to outcome research on controversial excavations St. Eustatius






 

Six months after its installation, the Statia Heritage and Research Commission finally presented its findings to the public on January 27, 2022, during a town hall meeting. The commission was tasked with investigating the controversial excavations on an 18th century burial ground of enslaved Africans that were carried out by the local archaeological center SECAR. Protests of Ubuntu Connected Front (UCF) Caribbean and others led to the establishment of this commission but, despite multiple requests to the government, UCF Caribbean was not involved in any way during these six months. We decided to do our own research and forge international alliances with endangered burial grounds around the world. This resulted in the creation of the St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance, which other organizations and individuals joined. One of these individuals is marjolijn kok from Rotterdam. She is an artist and independent archaeologist, who helped us understand the practices and regulations in archaeology. In this press release the Alliance provides an initial response to the report. We will also make our findings known to the parliamentary Kingdom Committee and the National Agency for Cultural Heritage in The Hague.

Way forward with proposed standards and guidelines

The report of the Commission was released on the same day as the town hall meeting, leaving the public with no time to read the report thoroughly. Already at the start of the protests in June 2021, it seemed very problematic for the present Executive Council to inform the public in a rightful manner. We find the chapters in the report on international standards and guidelines for archaeological research a way forward with archaeology and heritage on St. Eustatius. The problems indicated in the report about the present situation where the government turns a blind eye towards the execution of projects by SECAR and the incompetence of SECAR itself, leaves one to wonder what will happen now. The proposal to create a Heritage Agency will not happen in a day, so we are now in a period of uncertainty with all indications that it will be business as usual.

Marjolijn kok: “If the recommendations of the report on the guidelines for archaeological research are followed, it will be the first policy where the Malta convention and the Faro convention are combined at a basic level. This would be a great step forward in heritage management.

Limitations and concerns

A major problem with this part of the report is that private landowners are seen as owners of the archaeology on their property. This may be the case in the USA but is not part of Dutch legislation on heritage. Especially as more and more foreigners and non-residents of St. Eustatius buy property this would mean that the common heritage is taken away from the St. Eustatius Afrikan community and they are left with just paper reports.

Furthermore, the new to form heritage agency and project for a monument should be careful not to work with the usual suspects as they have shown inappropriate behavior when it concerns Afrikan descendant communities. We are thinking here of Mr. Jay Haviser, the chairman of the committee, who, against all proper conduct in community heritage projects, inserts his own idea about what the monument should look like before anyone else of the community has been consulted. This shows he wants to put a personal stamp on a project that hasn’t started yet for his own personal gain. Another person is Mr. Ruud Stelten, who deliberately withheld information about Afrikan enslaved burials as he knew the St. Eustatius Afrikan descendant community would want to have their say in the excavations of their ancestors. SECAR as the supervisor of these projects also has shown not to care about the people of St. Eustatius and their heritage and has conducted these projects for their own interest.”

Old days and old habits

We are critical as well of the first two chapters of the report which appear to be written by a different hand. The background information contains inaccuracies and is lacking critical events, which raise questions as to whether people or groups are being kept out of the loop. We heard the chairman of the board say that the old days (of science for science only) are long passed, but that’s exactly what took place at the Godet excavations in 2019, and the Golden Rock excavations in 2021. Some parts in the report read like an open application which is inappropriate, just like it highly inappropriate to make a detailed proposal as to what the memorial should look like (see page 38 of the report). We mentioned that earlier.  

What happens now?

“As St. Eustatius is still under colonial rule where the Dutch government makes all the major decisions either directly or through the two government representatives, it is our hope that the new Heritage Agency is not an all-white and colonial thinking affair”, says Kenneth Cuvalay, chairman of the St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance. “We need Afrikan-centered leadership with people who understand our culture and community, respect our beliefs and traditions and who we can trust to do the right thing and involve us. There may not be many Dutch archaeologists of Afrikan descent but there are plenty in the Caribbean to choose from. Let the problems surrounding the excavations of Afrikan enslaved burials be a lesson for the future and together not make the same mistakes. To empower us, as the Afrikan descendant community, we have to have a genuine say and lead in the matters and be part of the decision-making process.”

The St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance will closely monitor future developments and inform stakeholders about our findings. The report is now in the hands of the St. Eustatius Executive Council which, according to the report, cannot handle specialist archaeological matters, and it is unclear whether the Statia Heritage and Research Commission is still functioning. Marjolijn wrote a very insightful academic article on the controversial excavations that is available for the public: "A Future That Does Not Forget: Collaborative Archaeology in the Colonial Context of Sint Eustatius (Dutch Caribbean)"

We will continue the debate on decolonization in archaeology and academia in general. We do not allow colonial thinking people to determine for us how we deal with our heritage and the honoring of our ancestors.

Kenneth Cuvalay, chairman of the St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance 

marjolijn kok, member of the St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance, independent archaeologist


###

Information for the Editor


Website: https://afrikanhistoryandconsciousness.blogspot.com/

Contact:

Kenneth Cuvalay, chairman UCF Caribbean / St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance

The St. Eustatius African Burial Ground Alliance protests the excavations of African free and enslaved Africans at an 18th-century African burial ground in St. Eustatius (see https://www.change.org/LeaveOurAncestorsInPeace).

About Ubuntu Connected Front (UCF)
Ubuntu Connected Front is a political party in the Netherlands founded in 2017. It participated in the 2021 Parliamentary election and although it did not receive enough votes to win a seat in the House of Representatives, it was the most popular party in St. Eustatius, receiving 50,8% of the votes. Motto: “Equality is a human right, not a privilege”. UCF focuses on equal rights for people of African descent.

Ubuntu means "humanity" in African Bantu languages. It is often translated as "I am because we are", or "humanity towards others". It is Ubuntu Connected Front’s core belief that all people have rights, which promotes equality of treatment and eliminates marginalization and deprivation.

Black Agenda

The 'Black Agenda' of Ubuntu Connected Front (UCF) can be found in the "Manifest for NL Transformation" at the UCF website (Chapter 5).

The Black Agenda consists of three pillars:
1.    Recognition concerns the impact of our slavery past as a crime against humanity.
2.    Justice is about historical restoration of rights.
3.    Development aims to achieve equal development opportunities for everyone.

See also: https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/abga-considers-report-way-forward-for-archaeology-and-heritage-in-statia
 

January 26, 2022

A Future That Does Not Forget: Collaborative Archaeology in the Colonial Context of Sint Eustatius (Dutch Caribbean)

marjolijn kok is an artist and independent researcher with a PhD in archaeology. Her projects concern protest movements and postcolonial issues, including the 90 habitation camps of Moluccan people in the Netherlands after the independence of Indonesia (see the Dutch website www.molukserfgoed.com)

We searched online for marjolijn contact details after she left a comment at the online petition

"We still lack the debate about colonial practices in Dutch archaeology. So stop when asked by descendants."

The sentence stuck with us. We got acquainted and we clicked immediately. In the meantime marjolijn has been part of the 'St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance' for almost six months and we learned a great deal from her about archaeology and community collaboration. Although marjolijn was not familiar with archaeology in the Caribbean, she wrote a very insightful article about the controversial Golden Rock excavations in St. Eustatius. 

From the introduction:

"This article is written on request of the St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance, powered by Ubuntu Connected Front Caribbean (UCF), not as a paid commission but as an act of solidarity. I met the alliance through signing their petition to stop the excavation of the ancestral remains of enslaved Africans near the airport of Sint Eustatius and protest the lack of community involvement. As a white archaeologist I am not writing this article to tell the narrative of the enslaved Africans as I feel the descendant community3 has to be in control of that narrative. This article concerns the archaeological circumstances in which the protest takes place and tries to shed light on the way forward of dealing with ancestral remains. The ideas I put forward are not new in an international context; the same type of struggles over African burial grounds occur in other places such as St. Helena and Flatbush (NY) at the moment but they are not much discussed in Dutch archaeology. Suggestions are put forward for collaborative archaeology and guidelines for dealing with sensitive archaeology."

FULL TEXT

 
TO CITE:

marjolijn kok, 2022. A Future That Does Not Forget: Collaborative Archaeology in the
Colonial Context of Sint Eustatius (Dutch Caribbean). Rotterdam, Bureau Archeologie en
Toekomst, BAT-report 1.

January 25, 2022

Monuments In the (wider) Caribbean that Honor the Memory of our Ancestors

 


 

DESCRIPTION OF THE MONUMENTS


1 Monumento a la abolición de la esclavitud / Monument to the abolition of slavery (Ponce, Puerto Rico) 1956 

Located at Parque de la Abolición in Barrio Cuarto in Ponce, Puerto Rico, dedicated to the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico in 1873. The monument consists of an obelisk and a statue called El Hombre Redimido. 

Creator sculpture: Victor Cott

2 Statue of Kwakoe (Paramaribo, Suriname) 1963 

Monument commemorating the abolition of slavery unveiled on June 30, 1963, as part of the centenary of emancipation. Kwakoe does not represent a historical figure, although it has been said that Kwakoe would have been the first black landowner of Suriname. 

Creator: Jozef Klas

3 Le Marron Inconnu de Saint-Domingue (Port-au-Prince, Haiti) 1967 

The statue was created to commemorate the abolition of slavery in Haiti. Man kneeling on his right leg, his left leg outstretched behind him, a broken iron chain lays on the ground around his left foot. He arches his torso back as he holds a conch shell to his lips with his left hand, tilting his head upward. His right hand holds a machete at the ground. 

Creator: Albert Mangonès (1917 –2002)

4 1763 Monument (Georgetown, Guyana) May 1976 

Unveiled three days before the 10th anniversary of Guyanese Independence, the work celebrates the Guyanese anti-colonial struggle, resistance against, and eventual emancipation from slavery. The work is dedicated to the memory of Cuffy, an Akan man sold into slavery who led a revolt against the Dutch owners of the Magdalenburg plantation on the Canje River in Berbice (now Guyana). Although the uprising was ultimately unsuccessful, Cuffy’s rebellion anticipated the eventual end of slavery in Guyana.

Creator: Philip Moore (1921-2012)

5 Gaspar Yanga (Yanga, Veracruz, Mexico) August 1976 

Monument created to celebrate Gaspar Yanga, a 17th century self-emancipated leader of a maroon colony of self-emancipated people near Veracruz, Mexico. He successfully resisted a Spanish attack on the maroon colony in 1609 and later negotiated with the Spanish colonial government to secure self-rule for the maroon settlement.

Creator: Erasmo Vásquez Lendechy (b. 1918)

6 Emancipation Statue (Bridgetown, Barbados) 1985 

Monumental bronze statue of a man who raises his arms in a triumphant gesture, which accentuates the broken chains around his wrists. The identity of the figure is thought to be the leader of the April 1816 slave revolt, General Bussa. Although ultimately unsuccessful, it was the largest revolt in Barbadian history, General Bussa commanded nearly 400 freedom fighters.

Creator Karl Broodhagen (1909–2002)

7 Monumento Al Esclavo Rebelde / Monument to the Rebel Slave (Matanzas, Cuba) 1991 

Sculptural group that commemorates one of the most significant slave uprisings (November 5, 1843) that occurred in Cuba, Triunvirato. The monument was inaugurated in 1991 and declared a national monument. The Triunvirato rebellion was one in a series of slave uprisings throughout Cuba in 1843 known as La Escalera, meaning ladder in Spanish. Carlota and Fermina Lucumi were the female leaders of the revolt.

8 Desenkadena (Willemstad, Curaçao) 1998 

The over life-size bronze sculptural group depicts three figures, two men and one woman who are breaking free from the chains that bind their wrists. The central figure is flanked by a man and woman, both of whom gaze at him as he breaks their chains. The “chain breaker” stands in front of an anvil raising a hammer over his head. In his other hand he holds iron chains in place with a chisel. The work commemorates the 1795 slave rebellion led by an enslaved person called Tula.

Creator Nel Simon (1938-  )

9 Mémorial de l’Anse Cafard (Le Diamant, Martinique) 1998 

The memorial, which overlooks the sea, commemorates both the enslaved people who perished in a shipwreck off the coast of Martinique in 1830, and more generally, the tens of thousands of enslaved Afrikans who were taken to Martinique as part of the transatlantic slave trade. Arranged in a triangle the figures face the ocean, leaning forward, their eyes cast downwards and their mouths open, as if vocalizing a scream.

Creator: Laurent Valère (1959- )

10 Middle Passage Monument (St. Croix, USVI) 1999 

A twelve‐foot‐high aluminum arch commemorates the thousands of Afrikans who perished during the transatlantic slave trade. Composed of two halves, which bend towards one another but never touch, the work symbolizes “the need for the past, present, and future to converge in order for cultural identity and pride to be realized.”

Creator: Mike Walsh (1948-   )

11 Redemption Song (Kingston, Jamaica) 2003 

The two bronze figures of a man and woman stand in a cast-iron dome fountain. They are shown from the knees up, face one another as they gaze skyward. 

Creator: Laura Facey (1954-  )

12 The Three Rebel Queens of the Virgin Islands (Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, USVI) 2005 

Three women, the leaders of the Fireburn Revolt, face outward, forming a triangle. Dressed in floor-length dresses and aprons, each figure carries objects related to their resistance. One figure lifts a lantern in her right hand. The second figure holds a cane bill in her right hand and a torch in her left, while the third figure holds a torch in her right hand.

Creator: Richard Hallier

13 One-Tété Lohkay (St. Maarten) 2006 

One-Tété Lohkay was hunted down by her plantation owners, recaptured and brought back to the plantation. As punishment for her defiance and as a warning to other slaves, the slave masters ordered that one of her breasts be cut off. That is how she became known as One-Tété Lohkay. 

Creator: Michael Maghiro


14 Lady Liberty (Agrément roundabout Marigot, St. Martin) 2007 

Lady Liberty, unveiled in 2007 to mark the 159th anniversary of the abolition of slavery on the French side of St. Martin. The statue stands tall and strong with the broken shackles of slavery in one hand, and a lantern in the other. This statue has frequently been compared to the Statue of Liberty in the New Jersey/New York harbor. 

Creator: Theodore Bonev

15 Vicissitudes (Caribbean Sea floor, off the coast of Grenada) 2007 

An eerie circle of children holding hands and with manacled wrists. Although the original intent of the artist wasn’t a tribute to the captured Afrikans thrown overboard during the Middle Passage from Afrika to the Americas, it does serve as a powerful reminder of the tragedy of slavery. 

Creator: Jason DeCaires Taylor

16 Valongo Wharf (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) 2011 

As the last nation in the Americas to officially abolish slavery in 1888, historians estimate that of the approximately 10.7 million enslaved persons brought to the Americas, as many as 50 percent arrived in Brazil. Valongo was the debarkation point for an estimated 900,000 enslaved Afrikans. The site consists of a number of archaeological layers, the lowest of which are the remains of the Valongo Wharf’s floor pavings. The bodies of the slaves who died upon arrival in Brazil were burned and chopped-up bones were buried in mass graves.
Designated a World Heritage Site in 2017

17 1823 Monument (Georgetown, Guyana) 2013 

Unveiled on August 5, 2013, this eccentric structure with carved, out of bronze, the body of an enslaved man of Afrikan descent wielding a cutlass with a chain attached to its end. It sits on a concrete pedestal which consists of a miniature male and female sculpture on either side of the base. The Afrikan man was made to stand erect, with legs apart, symbolizing strength and perseverance. The chain he clings to symbolizes the oppression humans endured during slavery. The shrine recognizes the slaves who lost their lives in the 1823 Demerara Slave Uprising that served as one of the catalysts for the abolishment of slavery in Guyana. 

Creator: Ivor Thom

18 Neg Mawon Emancipation Monument (Roseau, Dominica) 2013 

Standing resolutely forward, the bronze figure of a self-emancipated man ('neg maron' or black maroon), with broken shackles and chains around his wrists and neck, holds a conch shell to his lips. Located in the center of a traffic circle, the monument celebrates the self-emancipated (maroon) societies that engaged in a sustained struggle against slavery and French colonialism. The work was unveiled during Dominica’s 2013 Emancipation Celebrations.

Creator: Franklyn Zamore

19 Mémorial ACTe (Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe) 2015
The museum, housed in a silver-latticework structure on the site of the former Darboussier sugar factory along the Pointe-à-Pitre waterfront, is dedicated to the history of the slave trade and slavery. The museum includes permanent exhibitions devoted to the history of slavery from Antiquity to the present alongside exhibitions of contemporary art by Guadeloupian artists such as Thierry Alet, Bruno Pédurand and Shuk One.
Creator: Atelier Architecture B.M. C. (Berthelot/Micka-Celestine)

20 Freedom Fighter Monument (Philipsburg, St. Maarten) 

Monument dedicated to those who fought for emancipation and freedom. Every year for Emancipation Day there is a commemorative wreath-laying ceremony at this monument.   
Creator: ??

21 Prins Claas (King Court Tackey) Monument (St. John's, Antigua)

Creator: Sir Reginald Samuel

22 Barbados Heritage District 2022 -2025 

The 570 timber poles memorialize the enslaved West Afrikans buried in unmarked graves at Newton Plantation. This memorial is designed by renowned architect David Adjaye and still to be realized.

About
The St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Alliance is working towards the realization of a Memorial of Honor on St. Eustatius as well as a dignified reburial of our ancestors' remains that were brutally excavated at the Afrikan burial grounds Godet (2019) and Golden Rock (2021).

Credits
Credits: photos and text from https://www.slaverymonuments.org, except Antigua, Barbados Burial Ground, Guyana, St. Maarten, and Suriname
Compiled by the St. Eustatius Afrikan Burial Ground Alliance.
https://www.steustatiusafrikanburialground.org
(powered by Ubuntu Connected Front (UCF) Caribbean)

Ubuntu, I Am Because You Are





January 21, 2022

PRESS RELEASE: Report Commission on suspended excavations African burial ground St. Eustatius long overdue

 


 

 

PRESS RELEASE


 

Report Commission on suspended excavations African burial ground St. Eustatius long overdue

 

 ST. EUSTATIUS / 21 January 2022 / -- Ubuntu Connected Front

 

Last year, July 2021, the Statia Heritage Research Commission (SHRC) was initiated, and official installed in September to investigate the controversial excavations at the African burial ground of former plantation Golden Rock. The purpose of this Commission was threefold. First, the compilation of recommendations for the local government of St. Eustatius concerning the handling of human remains; in particular ancestral remains of African descent. Secondly, including the engagement of the community, through practices relating to archaeological research; and thirdly the evaluation of the St. Eustatius Center of Archaeological Research’s (SECAR’s) processes as it relates to the excavation of the Golden Rock Burial Ground site.

 

It was indicated that at the end of the year the final report by the Commission will be presented to the local government. We are now nearing the end of the first month of 2022 and no formal mention has been made to the presentation of this report in question.

 

Kenneth Cuvalay, Chair Ubuntu Connected Front (UCF) Caribbean: “The composition of the Commission, with its strong ties to Leiden University, already raises concerns about its ability to operate independently. The reputation of the Chairman of the Commission is also at stake. He is portrayed in the media with a skull of an excavated African in his hands. He called me racist because I called on young black people to pursue careers in archaeology, anthropology and journalism which all makes clear that he is incapable of understanding what the protests are all about. And now this delay.”

 

What is also quite alarming is, that based on an article of the same local government “Starting November 28th 2021: SECAR conducts test trenches near animal shelter”, that consultation was sorted by the government of St. Eustatius from the same Commission. The Commission in turned apparently had no objections and agreed that the research could be carried out by SECAR. What is questionable thus, is that the same Commission that is investigating SECAR’s practices approves that the institution continue with business as usual.

 

Ubuntu Connected Front (UCF) Caribbean is publicly calling on the government to release this report, demanding transparency, seeing that the deadline has past, compounded by the facts that excavations still continue, under water and on land, in absences of knowing what standards and policies may apply to safeguard the already disrespected manner in which our ancestry have been dealt with.

 ###

Information for the Editor 

Contact: Kenneth Cuvalay, chairman UCF Caribbean 

 About Ubuntu Connected Front (UCF)

 Ubuntu Connected Front is a political party in the Netherlands founded in 2017. It participated in the 2021 Parliamentary election and although it did not receive enough votes to win a seat in the House of Representatives, it was the most popular party in St. Eustatius, receiving 50,8% of the votes. Motto: “Equality is a human right, not a privilege”. UCF focuses on equal rights for people of African descent.

 Ubuntu means "humanity" in African Bantu languages. It is often translated as "I am because we are", or "humanity towards others". It is Ubuntu Connected Front’s core belief that all people have rights, which promotes equality of treatment and eliminates marginalization and deprivation.

 Black Agenda. The 'Black Agenda' of Ubuntu Connected Front (UCF) can be found in the "Manifest for NL Transformation" at the UCF website (Chapter 5).

The Black Agenda consists of three pillars:

1.     Recognition concerns the impact of our slavery past as a crime against humanity.

2.     Justice is about historical restoration of rights.

3.     Development aims to achieve equal development opportunities for everyone.